Lean Thinking

"The term 'lean' ... describes any efficient management practice that minimized waste, including in product development ... In lean terms, 'waste' is anything that doesn't either add customer value directly or add knowledge about how to deliver that value more effectively." (Mary Poppendieck, Michael A. Cusumano, Lean Software Development: A Tutorial, IEEE Software 2012, no. 5, p. 26)

"Technology needs to be embedded in the business, not external to it or merely 'aligned with it'." "We have to go ask the business" and development replies "we're the business, I’m the business, they're not our customer, they are our colleagues!" (Gene Kim)

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  • Five Ideals (The Unicorn Project)
    • Locality and Simplicity
      The degree of which a development team can make local code changes in a location as opposed to many places, without impacting various teams and other locations.
      • Focus, Flow, and Joy
        Focus on developing their code with minimum dependencies, delays and impediments.
        • Psychological Safety
          Team members should feel safe to talk about problems, to say what they think without fear of castigation and of being ridiculed or blamed.
          • Customer Focus
            The difference between core and context: core creates lasting durable business advantage, context is everything else.
            • Five Principals
              • Define Value
                Discover the actual or latent needs of the customer.
                • Map the Value Stream
                  Use the customer’s value as a reference point and identify all the activities that contribute to these values.
                  • Create Flow
                    Ensure that the flow of the remaining steps run smoothly without interruptions or delays.
                    • Establish Pull
                      Limit inventory and work in process (WIP) items while ensuring that the requisite materials and information are available for a smooth flow of work.
                      • Pursue Perfection
                        The company should be a learning organization and always find ways to get a little better each and every day.
                        Pursue PerfectionEstablish PullCreate FlowMap the Value StreamDefine ValueFive PrincipalsCustomer FocusPsychological SafetyImprovement of Daily WorkFocus, Flow, and JoyLocality and SimplicityFive Ideals (The Unicorn Project)Unplanned Work or Recovery Work (Silent Killer)Updates and Changes (Perfective, Preventive and Maintenance)Internal IT ProjectsBusiness Projects (Business Innovation)Four Types of Work (The Phoenix Project)The Principles of Continual Learning and ExperimentationThe Principle of FeedbackThe Principle of FlowThree Ways (The Phoenix Project)Lean Thinking